House of Lords and Commons - 2775 Words

REFORMS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS AND COMMONS. Over the years, there has been a lot of problem over the very fact that the house of lords are not elected and are relatively independent of party and contains members with particular skills, expertise and interest in this kind of activities which in turn has created tensions between the commons which is a legitimate elected body, regarding their function, performances and their composition. But if we take parliament to be a collaborative set of processes in which both houses are involved it seems inappropriate to consider one house separate from the other. Perhaps this explains why the processes of reforms over the years has been a very difficult issue tackling. Reforms of electoral†¦show more content†¦After the English Restoration, a constitutional convention arose that the House of Lords would defer to the House of Commons on measures to raise and spend money. The Parliament Act 1911 divided Bills into three classes. 1. Money bills which, failing consent from the Lords within one month, could receive royal assent without it. 2. Other bills on which the House of Lords could exercise a suspensory veto. 3. On any bill extending the maximum term of the House of Commons beyond five years, the House of Lords retained equal legislative powers.Together with the Parliament Act 1949, these two acts enable the Commons (in exceptional circumstance) to pass legislation without approval from the Lords but subject to certain time delays. In effect, they give the House of Lords the power to delay legislation but not to prevent it. Since 1911 there have been various attempts to reform the Lords, but none tackled the powers of the House exce pt the Parliament Act 1949 which reduced the suspensory veto to two sessions and one year. By the time of the 1997 general election there was still no consensus on comprehensive reform of the upper chamber of Parliaments. * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords select committee voting and how the proposal to make the house of lords a 2nd elected chamber was rejected byShow MoreRelatedThe House of Lords Is Now More Effective Than the House of Commons in Checking Government Power. Discuss1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe House of Lords is now more effective than the House of Commons in checking government power. Discuss In theory the House of Commons is the dominant chamber as it is elected while the House of Lords plays more of a revising role, issues to be considered include the powers of each chambers, the fact the House of Lords is more independently minded and the impact of the whips. It will ultimately be argued that the House of Commons remains far more effective due to having greater powers in checkingRead MoreHow The House Of Lords Be Reformed?1119 Words   |  5 PagesHow might the House of Lords be reformed? Britain is the short history of the country in the world. But Britain was the first country to establish a parliamentary system in the world, and was the first national bicameral appear. As the birthplace of modern political system, preserving seven hundred years of the British House of Lords system seems embarrassed. As the second chamber of the British Parliament,the House of Lords members has resigned by queen rather than elected. For a long time, didRead MoreThe Importance Of The House Of Lords1503 Words   |  7 Pagesis made up of two Houses, the House of Lords and the House of Commons, recently, the House of Lords is always weak than the House of Commons. Therefore, more and more people are talking about the House of Lords should abolish, reform or keep stay. This essay will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the House of Lords, introduce some history about reformed and give my own opinions. The people who words in the House of Lords have a wealth of knowledge, it makes the Lords do better jobs. ThereRead MorePublic Bills And The House Of Commons1244 Words   |  5 Pageson the House of Lords than it has on the House of Commons in recent years. The term â€Å"scrutiny† means the critical observation or examination regarding the Public Bills. The â€Å"effectiveness† of the scrutiny could be measured in a variety of ways, such as the period of time the bill stays in parliament for, and whether parliament can take on board evidence from committees and implement the bills into legislation. In order to determine if the House of Lords has been more effective than the House of CommonsRead MoreEvaluate the Advantages and Disadvantages of an Elected Second Chamber1012 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Parliament Act 1911 envisaged reforming the composition of the House of Lords to create a fully-elected Chamber.† To date all attempts have been unsuccessful. Explain the difficulties entailed in reforming the composition of the Lords and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of an elected second chamber. In the United Kingdom, the Upper House- the House of Lords is currently an unelected chamber. It argues that the House itself is not democratic or representative at all and this problemRead MoreHow Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions?1540 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious means of government scrutiny, such as Prime Minister’s Question Time. In addition, Parliament is expected to perform a legislative function, creating the process of a bill becoming a law after undergoing many stages between the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Finally, Parliament is also required to be representative of the nation, with constituencies creating a strong local link between the electorate and their MP. As Parliament is required to scrutinise theRead MoreEssay Exam Question and Answer845 Words   |  4 Pagesextract, life peers sit in the House of Lords. They sit in the House of Lords for life and are appointed by the Prime Minister by recommendations from his/her party as well as the opposition. The Life peerages Act of 1958 set the conditions for Life peers to be appointed and examples include Lord Sugar and Lord Mandleson. Life peers make up the majority of the House of Lords after the House of Lords reform act of 1999 removed the hereditary peers from the House of Lords. b) Using your own knowledgeRead MoreMother of Parliaments1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthe first to introduce a workable body, an assembly of elected representatives of the people with the authority to resolve social and economic problems by free debate leading to the making of law. The Parliament, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, is the centre of British politics. One of the fundamental principles of the unwritten constitution is the sovereignty of Parliament. It means that Parliament has unlimited power in the legislative and the executive spheres and thatRead MoreHow An Act Of Parliament Is Created1500 Words   |  6 PagesMonarch, The House of Lords and The House of Commons. Parliament is sovereign, which mean that Parliament has the power to create or dismiss any law it chooses and all the courts must implement them. It makes Parliament the supreme legal authority in the UK. The House of Commons is the democratically chosen legislative body of Parliament; 646 Members of Parliament are elected by the public in the general elections by vote. The House of Lords currently has 780 members who are known as Lords or Peers.Read MoreHow Well Does Parliament Perform Its Various Functions? Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions that Parliament must perform. The word Parliament derived from the Latin ‘parliamentum’ and the French wor d ‘parler’ which originally meant a talk- which is what Parliament does most of the time. Parliament consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarchy. Parliament is the highest judicial, legislative and executive body in Britain. A parliamentary form of government acknowledges that it derives its power directly from the consent of the people. This sort of system

Fitzgerald and Short Story Writing Essay - 1370 Words

Fitzgerald and Short Story Writing Although Fitzgerald today is usually considered a novelist, in his lifetime he was more well-known for his short stories. He was a prolific writer of short stories, and published around 160 of them (Bruccoli xiii). Many literary critics often separate â€Å"Fitzgerald the novel writer† from â€Å"Fitzgerald the short story writer†. In his own life, Fitzgerald felt somewhat of a disconnection between his ‘literary’ career as a novelist and his more professional career writing short stories. However, Fitzgerald’s short stories are very important to the study of his work. One can observe his development as a writer and see parallels between his stories and his novels. Writing†¦show more content†¦Some of his stories were praised, however, such as â€Å"May Day†, â€Å"The Ice Palace†, â€Å"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz†, â€Å"The Rich Boy†, and â€Å"Babylon Revisited†. Moreover, recent literary critics, particularly in the past decade, have reevaluated Fitzgerald’s canon of short stories and now recognize them as a critical and valuable component of Fitzgerald’s work. While Fitzgerald’s stories often have common themes running through them, they are not formulaic or predictable. Fitzgerald once said: â€Å"As soon as I feel I am writing to a cheap specification, my pen freezes and my talent vanishes over the hill† (qtd. in Bruccoli xv). His stories are often unpredictable and do not always have happy endings. Moreover, many of the stories have morals at their center. They often deal with issues that are very telling of this period in history. As Mangum says: â€Å"Fitzgerald’s short fiction, often through subtext, both deconstructs post-World War I values and also speaks to issues that transcend the modern† (66). It is for reasons such as this that Fitzgerald’s short stories are such a valuable asset to American literature. Although Fitzgerald resented having to write popular fiction to make a living, he did use his stories to aid in the writing of his novels. He would often use shortShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald Research Paper1504 Words   |  7 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald is in many ways one of the most notable writers of the twentieth century. His prodigious literary voice and style provides remarkable insight into the lifestyles of the rich and famous, as well as himself. Exploring themes such as disillusionment, coming of age, and the corruption of the American Dream, Fitzgerald based most of his subject matter on his own despicable, tragic life experiences. Although he was thought to be the trumpeter of the Jazz Age, he never directly identifiedRead MoreThe Life and Times of a Philosopher of Flappers Essay696 Words   |  3 Pagesand a time without war. F. Scott Fitzgerald is just one of the many writers during this time to write about such times. Fitzgerald, however, is an au thor that defined this era also known as the Jazz Age. Known for novels such as The Great Gatsby, This Side of Paradise, and The Beautiful and the Damned, and many short stories, Fitzgerald is described by famousauthors.org as â€Å"one of the greatest writers American soil has produced in the 20th century. F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most influentialRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald998 Words   |  4 Pagespeople did not respected Fitzgerald writing in 20th century , but why people are respecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in 21th century? Fitzgerald had hard time to get profit from his writing, but he never got good profit after his first novel. In a Fitzgerald life, his background information was the most important about him, the comparison of Fitzgerald and the main character of his number one book in American â€Å"The Great Gatsby’s†, and the Fitzgerald influence of behind writing. From a childhood toRead More Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesFrancis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the time F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby in 1925, he had already amassed an impressive literary resume. From his first commercial publication of the short story, Babes in the Woods at age 23 to The Sensible Thing at age 28, Fitzgerald published fourteen short stories, one play, two collections of short stories, and two novels. His first novel, This Side of Paradise, made Fitzgerald a celebrity. TheRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgerald’s writing in the twentieth century, but why people are respecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being aRead MoreEssay on Francis Scott Fitzgerald1331 Words   |  6 PagesFrancis Scott Fitzgerald nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is known as one of the most important American writers of his time. He wrote about the troubling time period in which he lived known as the Jazz Age. During this era people were either rich or dreamt of great wealth. Fitzgerald fell into the trap of wanting to be wealthy, and suffered great personal anguish because of these driving forces. I have chosen to write a term paper on F.Scott Fitzgerald. The goal of thisRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds American Dream Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pageswould never be so happy again.†(Fitzgerald). F. Scott Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, into a very prestigious, catholic family. Edward, his father, was from Maryland, and had a strong allegiance to the Old South and its values. Fitzgerald’s mother, Mary, was the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer in St. Paul. His upbringing, affected much of his writing career. Half the time F. Scott Fitzgerald thought of himself as the â€Å"heirRead More F. Scott Fitzgerald’s All the Sad Young Men Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagessixth book. The work was composed of nine short stories that had been published in magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post over the course of the previous year. The work was Fitzgerald’s third short story collection and followed the Great Gatsby in publication on the 26th of February 1926. To most, this book signaled Fitzgerald’s staying power as many of his seniors had believed that his initial success as a writer was lucky. They did not take Fitzgerald seriously as an author. On the whole,Read MoreA Hero And I Will Write You A Tragedy Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pageswrite you a tragedy,† a quote made famous by Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald. He was also known as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Scott, or Scotty. Fitzgerald was born in 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota. His father who worked for Procter and Gamble moved the family from St. Paul to New York. They moved back and forth for years between Syracuse and Buffalo. In 1908 after Fitzgerald’s father loses his job the family moves back to St. Paul. Fitzgerald went to school in New Jersey where he attended Princeton. BecauseRead MoreFrancis Scott Fitzgerald828 Words   |  3 Pagesto-do family, F(rancis). Scott (Key) Fitzgerald is known as one of the most iconic American authors. He started gathering his fame with publications in Saturday Evening Post, which was at the time, the most widely read magazine in the United States with 2,750,000 copies sent out per week (Bruccoli 15), and Fitzgerald published the majority of his short stories in the magazine. He had many major themes throughout his works, be it novel, novella, essay, or short story, each had at least one of his common

The small crowd beside the bus had an atmosphere of excitement Free Essays

The small crowd beside the bus had an atmosphere of excitement. I was one of them. We just got down the busy train, leaving us with another 5 hours of our journey to our destination. We will write a custom essay sample on The small crowd beside the bus had an atmosphere of excitement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The trip was to the southern part of the Indian rainforest. The air was moist and there was a sudden drizzle. So we quickly got inside the bus. After every one was inside there was check to see whether anyone was left behind. The bus was noisy, every one were talking to each other about the thrill. We began our long journey into the rainforest. Every one felt irritated due to the humidity in the air. The teachers who came with were also excited about the trip. After a while there was no sign of any people as we entered into the rainforest; there was no trace of any other vehicle either except a motorcycle, leading us. It was a totally deserted area. The trees and bushes on either side of the road were monstrous and they spread wide. In some places they were steep slopes, which were so deep and dark that we couldn’t see the ground below. We unexpectedly stopped. I didn’t know why at first then they told it was because we had to have lunch. The lunch was horrible as it was cold. After that we got into the bus. Then slowly we all settled and the bus was again on the road. On the way we saw many waterfalls but we couldn’t define its beauty because they were very far away. Then a boy suddenly shouted out ‘Dam’ no one understood him at first then he repeated it by saying there is a dam. Every one gazed it for a long time. Some took snaps of it. It was huge and its reflections looked beautiful. We were then told that there was another hour of our journey left. Most of them slept including me due to the tiredness of journeying. After a while my friend woke me up saying that we arrived at the destination. I was excited as well as exhausted like everyone. I had to get up. We took our bags and started to walk towards the tents, which were situated in a plateau. I had a heavy luggage behind my back like most of them. The ground was uneven in the beginning then it was a sudden steep slope upwards. We had to walk very carefully otherwise we would slip and fall. They made a path by few slates of shapeless granite. Beside the path were wild bushes. It took us more than 5minutes to reach to the top. When we reached it was very dark and we could hardly see the ground clearly. They told us to form a queue and then we were separated into four groups. We were taken inside the house, which was beside the tents. It just had a big hall and a kitchen in the corner. We were told about the rules and regulations. Then we all were shown our way to the tents though we didn’t sleep in the tents, as it was the first night. We changed into night ware and left our baggages in the tents. The ground was muddy making our bags very dirty underneath. After every one had their dinner we were immediately send to sleep. Though no one did as every one had the excitement in their minds thinking what was going to happen in the next few days. We all slept together. At first it was very noisy then slowly it became pin drop silence. Everyone was made to get up by 5 in the morning and was told to freshen up. We couldn’t see much as the sun did not rise completely by that time. And when it did it become foggy. There were five tents in total as there were many girls and boys. There was a water tank opposite to the tents. Behind the house were the toilets. In between the toilets and the tents there was a small house which contained things required for canoeing, rock climbing, treasure hunting, nature trivia and camping. Surrounding us were trees and bushes, which were so thick that we couldn’t see through. Later we were told briefly of our plan for the days beyond. How to cite The small crowd beside the bus had an atmosphere of excitement, Papers

Outline Of The Constitution Of The USA Essay Example For Students

Outline Of The Constitution Of The USA Essay Word Count: 541I. ARTICLE I CONGRESS A. Section 1. 1. Establishment B. Section 2. 1. House Membership and Qualifications a. selection and composition b. representation C. Section 3. 1. Senate Membership and Qualifications a. selection and compostion b. elections D. Section 4. 1. Congressional Elections E. Section 5. 1. Congressional Operation and Procedure a. elections b. rules c. records F. Section 6. 1. Congressional Employment, Compensation and Privileges a. the speech and debate clause G. Section 7. 1. Public Laws and Other Congressional Instruments a. bills for raising revenue b. the presidential presentment clause c. congressional voting records d. congressional orders, resolutions and votes H. Section 8. 1. Powers of Congress: a. raising revenue (tax, etc.) to pay debts and to provide for defense and general welfare b. borrowing money c. trade regulation (the commerce clause) d. immigration and naturalization; bankruptcies e. currency; weights and measures f. counterfeiting punishment g. post offices h. intellectual property (copyrights, patents, etc.) i. the federal judiciary j. maritime and international law k. war l. military appropriations/armed forces m. naval forces n. rules for the government and military o. domestic security p. military governance and administration q. District of Columbia r. administration of the law (the necessary and proper clause) I. Section 9. 1 . Congressional Limitations includes: a. writs of habeas corpus b. population census and direct taxation c. appropriations d. accounting of public monies and expenditures J. Section 10. 1. State Limitations II. ARTICLE II THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH A. Section 1. 1. Establishment, Elections, Qualifications, Compensation a. the president b. the vice president c. electors B. Section 2. 1. Executive Powers a. commander in chief b. pardons and reprieves c. treaties and appointments C. Section 3. 1. Official Duties, Responsibilities and Privileges a. state of the union b. foreign relations D. Section 4. 1. Impeachment III. ARTICLE III THE JUDICIARY A. Section 1. 1. Establishment, Tenure and Compensation a. the Supreme Court b. inferior federal courts c. federal justices and judges B. Section 2. 1. Jurisdiction, Venue and Cases a. Supreme Court original and appellate jurisdiction; the exceptions clause b. criminal cases/trial by jury C. Section 3. 1. Treason IV. ARTICLE IV STATES A. Section 1. 1 . Full Faith and Credit (Force and Effect of State Law) B. Section 2. 1. Privileges and Immunites of Citizens of States and the United States; Domestic Extradition C. Section 3. 1. U.S. Territories and Properties; Establishment and Admission of New States V. ARTICLE V AMENDMENTS VI. ARTICLE VI NATIONAL SUCCESSION A. Debts of the Confederation B. Supremacy of national law and treaties (the supremacy clause) C. Affirmation of state and national legislators and executive and judicial officers (exclusion of any religious test requirement) VII. ARTICLE VII RATIFICATION

Macro environment case of hilton Essay Example

Macro environment case of hilton Paper Today this program works in more than 3500 hotels, has 50 airline partners and gives an opportunity to its members to earn both miles or point for stay. The Honors has three levels of membership: gold, silver and black with different upgraded system of rewards. Also the members can use the rewards in golf, cruises, entertainment parks, car rentals, shopping and dining (www. Businesspeople. About. Com). 2. Price elasticity, demand and revenue Before starting to talk about price elasticity, demand, revenue and the elations between them, it is necessary to explain the definition of each of them. According to Boston (2014: presentation) price can be inelastic or elastic, so inelastic means that a 1 % change in the price of a good or service has less than 1 % change on the quantity of supply or demand. Logically, the elastic price means that price change of 1 % causes more than 1 % change in the quantity demanded or supplied. Basically, most of goods and services in the world are elastic as far as they are not unique and can be replaced by similar product with best price for the customer. To calculate the price elasticity of demand the next formula is using: percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by percentage change in the price. The demand from economic point of view is not a need or want of customers to buy a product or service, but they willingness and ability to do so, taking into account the price of the good. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro environment case of hilton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macro environment case of hilton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macro environment case of hilton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If the consumers do not have enough money to purchase the product of service, no matter how much they need it they will not buy it. This is the core connection between price, its elasticity and demand (Hughes, 1986). The revenue of the company is all amount of money that organization has earned during the year (month, decade), which is calculated by multiplying the price per one unit to the number of goods were sold (homeowners. Com). As it can be noticed, the revenue has a direct link with price and demand, because the revenue depends from these two statements (sold units, increasing or decreasing price, demand, etc. . For example, Hilton has stable prices for the hotels (they are not increasing) and their revenue increased on 4. 4 % from 2012 to 2013 (see Graph 1) (www. Finance. Yahoo. Com). The reason can be in price elastic, simply because there a lot international hotel chains Argentina the same customers with better price, so Hilton can not increase the price per room. Graph 1 Hilton Worldwide Revenue 3. Macroeconomic theory for decision-making There are two main types of economic: macro- and microeconomic. Microeconomic studies individuals and businesses, their performance on the market and the influence of the government. However, the macroeconomic is about economic performance on market from national and global perspectives (www. Miff. Org). The number of macroeconomic theories has been increasing through the history of business existing, but there are two main questions in any of this theories: what, how and for whom the goods are produced and identifying the clinometers and social interest. So today we have such theories like classical economics, the developer of which was Adam Smith with a main idea of flexible prices ensure market equilibrium; Keynesian economics with an answer to the mass unemployment situation of the Great Depression Of 1 sass; another well-known theories are called IS-ELM Analysis, aggregate Analysis, monetarism and new classical economic. According to new classical economic theory the quantity demand influence on he price changing, generally speaking, higher the price, the lower the quantity demanded. The company corporate team has to set the prices that provide the best revenue, taking into account the produced units of goods (www. Amasses. Com). Double Tree by Hilton also uses this economic theory for price and produced amount decision. The company forecasts to open optimum amount of 40 new properties worldwide, not more in order to avoid the extra supplying, and not less, according to the companys market research for the future demand and tourists streams in the chosen destinations.

Celebrity ACT Scores (Steve Jobs, Barack Obama, Marilyn Monroe)

Celebrity ACT Scores (Steve Jobs, Barack Obama, Marilyn Monroe) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking the ACT? You're in good company! Barack Obama, Marilyn Monroe, and Steve Jobs all took the ACT, too, along with several other celebrities. We've compiled their scores so you can see how these successful people performed back when they were in high school. We've also converted the SAT scores of famous people to the ACT scale so you get a sense of how their scores compare. Now if you ever run into Barack Obama, you'll have at least one conversation starter to fall back on...

Marketing design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing design - Case Study Example Michael E. Porter suggests that businesses must search for a sustainable competitive advantage, which comes from developing a distinctive way of competing (Goett, 1999). As part of the marketing strategy for the oxygen bar, methods for setting it apart as a distinctive brand will be addressed. Population growth and changing demographics are examples of social trends that can have an effect on sales (Nickels et al, 2005). As part of a well-organised PESTLE analysis, the identification of external factors directly affecting the success of the oxygen bar has revealed several relevant issues that could positively impact its survival within the market. It might be argued that oxygen bars are a socio-cultural trend towards better health, as oxygen has been said to boost energy, heighten concentration, reduce stress and detoxify the blood (Davis, 2003). The actual effects of frequenting the oxygen bar are socially independent, meaning that those individuals who have used the bars have found different personal satisfactions regarding oxygen usefulness for health and well-being. However, understanding that oxygen bar popularity has been on the increase globally, similar external social factors towards better, healthy living might well impact a strong customer loyalty to the servic e. In the mid-term, it is possible that new developments in health-related, professional research might indicate a different social trend towards health initiatives, negating positive consumer perceptions of oxygen effectiveness. It might be argued that consumer preferences fluctuate periodically, however, an individual need only witness extensive literature available on UK health studies to visualise a growing trend in better health awareness. Therefore, in the mid-term, no dramatic fluctuations Oxygen Bar 4 in socio-cultural values regarding customer discontinuation of the oxygen bar concept are anticipated. Economic factors, in the short term, do not necessarily affect the ongoing success of the Andrews Adult School Oxygen Bar as the pricing structure for the service will be kept at competitive levels. Pricing will be discussed later in the analysis, but it has been determined that the bar will be maintained at an affordable level, allowing for a broader market to be targeted for bar advertisements. From a community perspective, the oxygen bar will open new job opportunities (especially for the campus student population) and might be accepted for its positive economic impact on the community. In the mid-term, assuming the oxygen bar maintains a level of business and profit success in the community, advancing economic impacts could include more job opportunities to staff the business due

Motivation and Work Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Motivation and Work Design - Essay Example This paper discusses the motivators’ significance and outline ways by which employers can design job roles to take account of individual motivations. Significance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Many motivational theories exist that offer bases for understanding effects of motivational factors and strategies for moderating the effects as well as ways for monitoring effects of the factors. Theory X and theory Y, as McGregor offers, is one of such theories. The theory establishes assumptions on human behaviour to develop a framework for understanding people in a work environment and to influence actions and behaviour of the people towards desired outcomes. Theory X assumes that people are not willing to conform to expectations and calls for managers and organizations’ control of people for achievement of objectives. It therefore suggests guidelines that can be attained through push factors such as punitive measures for failure to comply. Theory Y however argues for responsible behaviour and actions in which people can align them to set goals in their organizations and work towards realization of the goals (Saiyadain 2009, p. 167). According to Theory X, people do not like work and this means that external influence is necessary to influence completion of desired works. The theory also assumes that people are less ambitious and do not like responsibilities. Instead, they prefer to work under control. In addition, people lack creativity into completing tasks and generating solutions into problems to support the postulate of necessity of external influence. In recognition of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Theory X assumes that people are motivated at â€Å"physiological and safety levels† (Saiyadain 2009, p. 167). Intimidation is further necessary on people in order to ensure achievement or objectives. A consideration of Theory Y assumptions however recognizes people’s willingness to work if suitable conditions exist. Co ntrary to external pressure to influencing organizational objectives, Theory Y assumes that people are able to exercise self-control in operations for achieving set goals. Creativity towards problem solution is also assumed to be evenly distributed among all members of an organization. Another difference between Theory X and Theory Y is that Theory Y assumes motivation at all levels of Maslow’s hierarchy. In addition, motivating people, under the theory, leads to self-management and creativity that can facilitate success (Saiyadain 2009, p. 167). The scopes of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators are one of the based for understanding their significance. Intrinsic motivators exist within a person and their driving force establishes their significance. One of the examples of intrinsic motivators is the desire to fulfil needs such as basic needs and establishes significance of the motivators through a push effect. Once a need is identified, a person works hard to fulfil the need for self-satisfaction and this is consistent with Maslow’s postulate that human beings are motivated to fulfil their needs. Self-utility needs such as need to feel a sense of self esteem, happiness, and pride are other factors to intrinsic motivation through change in behaviour and the intrinsic rewards establish significance of intrinsic motivators. This is because people are conscious of their needs and once the needs

English final research paper - The immigration policy policy of Essay

English final research paper - The immigration policy policy of Alberta Canada - Essay Example The history of immigration in Canada encompasses well over 100 years of efforts. In the paper titled 100 years of immigration in Canada authors Boyd and Vickers state, â€Å"By 1911, immigrants represented 41% of people living in Manitoba, 50% in Saskatchewan, and 57% of those in Alberta and British Columbia†¦The 1911 Census recorded 158 immigrant males for every 100 females, compared with 103 Canadian-born males for 100 females.† (Boyd, Vickers 3) This disparity led to a new approach in immigration, one that attempted to balance the need for labour with the desire to attempt to balance the population better. It was not until 1978 that a new Immigration Act came into effect. This Act specifically promoted humanitarian approaches as opposed to purely numbers based immigration. Authors Boyd and Vickers stated, â€Å"This Act upheld the principles of admissions laid out in the regulation of the 1960’s: family reunification and economic contributions†¦The Act als o required the Minister responsible for the immigration portfolio to set annual immigration targets in consultation with the provinces.† (Boyd, Vickers 9) Throughout the long history of immigration in Canada there has been a desire for fair play resulting in a humanitarian based approach even before the recent Act was passed. Alberta has always attempted to promote a progressive outlook when approaching immigration and immigration policy. The utilization of the dispersion strategy as it was termed allowed the government to better adjust to the immigrants being invited in. By placing immigrants in locations that had need of their specific skills the government is able to balance human rights with basic need. One interesting approach is with regards to temporary workers. Temporary workers are not eligible for the same programs and services provided to other classes of immigrants. In the paper titled Nation building through cities: A new deal for immigrant settlement in Canada, a uthor Elizabeth McIsaac writes, â€Å"Temporary workers are not eligible for the programs and services provided to other classes of immigrants. They do not have access to educational opportunities, language and skills upgrading, student loans or domestic student fee schedules.† (McIsaac 3) While this may seem to be harsh it does promote the permanence of immigration over temporary worker status which further supports economic security. This allows the government to reap the benefit of additional necessary labour resources as well as reducing expenditures based in these various expenses. There is however, the coercive nature of this approach in that it does not allow the freedom to emigrate to the location of the individual’s choice. However, this is explained as being better for the whole and benefiting the individual as well. The coercive nature of this Act does cause a hesitation when looking to promote it. However, the answer here is that immigrants are asking to be come a part of Canadian and Albertan society, and as to benefit that society and themselves individually this is the best approach to dispersing the immigrants. Special considerations are made regarding family and a special effort is made to keep family together. The need to continue facilitation of immigrant mobility within the nation so as to promote a stronger internal economy as well as benefiting the in

Product analysis of sprite

Product analysis of sprite This paper writes on a product of coca cola sprite, and seeks to address the concepts of product, price , promotion and place and its effect on the survival,competitive advantage over like products , preferrence by customers and its place in the beaverage drinks market place in the Malaysian community. Introduction In 1886 Dr. John Stith Pemberton first introduces Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia. The pharmacist concocted caramel-colored syrup in a three-legged brass kettle in his backyard. He first distributes Coca-Cola by carrying it in a jug down the street to Jacobs Pharmacy. For five cents, consumers can enjoy a glass of Coca-Cola at the soda fountain. Now almost over 120 years old and selling in more than 200 countries, the brand is regarded as the biggest in the world and has come top of an Interbrand poll of all global brands for the fourth time in a row. It is now estimated that Coca-Colas brand is worth a whopping $67.5bn (Â £39bn). The Coca cola company in Malaysia sets as the production ground for almost all the products of Coca cola for the consumption of her customers in the Malaysian community. Coca Cola Products The Coca cola company products ranges from coke, fanta, fanta soda, krest, sprite With a portfolio of more than 3,300 beverages, from diet and regular sparkling beverages to still beverages such as 100 percent fruit juices and fruit drinks, waters, sports and energy drinks, teas and coffees, and milk-and soy-based beverages, our variety spans the globe. Brand name and Logo Coca-Cola possesses one of the most recognised brand designs in history. Its not only the trademark design of that white typeface on that particular shade of red that makes it so iconic, but also the equally famous bottle. The Product SPRITE Sprite is a favorite drink to many coca cola customers in Malaysia. Customer values are a very important attribute to organizations today. It is perceived as the worth of benefits customers received by owning and using a product in exchange for the total cost needed to obtain the product, after taking into consideration of available competitive offerings and pricings (Kotler et al., 2007). (Kinnear Bernhardt 1984) relates on the concept of product as every want -satisfying attribute a consumer receives in making an exchange, including psychological as well as physical. The concept of Product has the characteristics of solving particular needs and is categorized into physical or tangible and services or intangible The competitor of Sprite is of 7up. Sprite is a lemon lime flavor carbonated drink that also taste sweet and bubbly. However, the content of Sprite is crystal clear. Sprite is best enjoying cold especially on a hot day. The glass bottle of Sprite is colored in dark green which perhaps is a representation of lime or lemon. The sprite is packaged in plastic bottles and disposable cans with its smart sparling design which makes it appealing to customers and creates beauty for the product. Price The price of a bottle of sprite in the Malaysian market sits at RM 2.00 i.e ($0.63) which is considered very cheap and affordable. Price is defined as the way a person acquires something by giving out something in return (Kotler et al., 2007). In other word, the process of exchange is actually the process of substituting a product with another product (Exchange, 2009). The price of the sprite is influenced by the availability of raw materials, cost of production and government taxes. This cheap price tag despite is high quality and satisfaction ,makes it very much in demand by customers .The price of sprite in the market gives a good and reasonable perceived value from the customers point of view. Price is value based and with such a low price tag for the sprite, customers prefer it to its main competitor 7 up, which sits at the same price in the market but considered by many to be of a lower quality. Competitors are the market challengers to a company that will seek to attack the company in an aggressive bid to increase their own market share (Kotler et al., 2007). Place Place refers to the distribution or all the activities the Coca cola company Malaysia undertakes to get the Sprite to the customers at the right location and at the right time. Malaysia has a humid temperature that stands between 30 degrees and 35 degrees centigrade , thus the customers are always at all times in demand for chilled drinks and Sprite with her sparkling lemon lime flavor is preferred by many. The company uses middlemen, physical distribution with company trucks and Lorries, wholesalers and retailers like Giant, Carrefour, KK, 7 eleven and shops and outlets across the different localities in Malaysia to make the product available to their customers. The distribution channel of sprite in Malaysia is vast and strong making it impossible to walk into any shop or stall throughout the country without spotting a bottle of sprite on display for sale. Furthermore, the company sets up its own retail shops around different locations in the country as well as where houses for whole sales to traders. Promotion The coca cola company in Malaysia has taken to sponsoring advertisements on sprite on the local television stations, Astro and the local radio FM station to inform, persuade and influence the consumers buying decision to buy the sprite. The company creates awareness, educate on the features of sprite and its benefits to the consumer, thereby creating interest in the consumer to buy the sprite. The tools of promotion used by the Coca cola Company in Malaysia along with advertisement include sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing of the sprite. The Sprite is also promoted by the sponsorship given to local hockey teams and football clubs within the Malaysian environment. Conclusion On writing on the core aspects of product, price, place and promotion as it affects the survival of sprite in the competitive market, the writer simply portrays on the fact of the basic tools of marketing the Coca cola Sprite in the Malaysian community. The paper delves on the best of the Coca cola Company in Malaysias ability in the performance of their specific marketing of sprite in consonance with the vital aspects of understanding, collaboration ,create, anticipate, influence and the implementation to realize the basic goals in marketing the product sprite which takes to the aspect of making profit and satisfying the customer.

Essay --

Superbugs: Overcoming the Resistance Bio 1M03 PBL Project March 11, 2014 This report has been edited and approved by all contributing group members before submission. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs give the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transfer (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals. Resistance arises from mutations that are not under the control of humans, but the evolution of bacteria has been sped along by the overexposure of antibiotics to both people and animals. The number of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in an area is closely related to the frequency that antibiotics that are prescribed (Todar, 2012). Patients often unnecessarily demand antibiotics to treat common colds or simple illnesses that are not caused by bacteria. Instead, these infections are caused by viruses which, unlike bacteria, are unaffected by antibiotics. Incorrect diagnosis can also lead patients to using unnecessary antibiotics, which can sometimes be even more dangerous than otherwise left untreated. Besides the fact that antibiotics kill off beneficial bacteria in the intestines, misuse of antibiotics provides an opportunity ... ... antibiotic resistance has quickly become an increasing concern in recent times due to the growing use of antibiotics. To combat this problem, we propose that healthy intestinal floras be maintained after antibiotic resistance using fecal bacteriotherapy, and that processes of lateral gene transfer be disrupted before antibiotic resistance through the use of copper surfaces and after antibiotic resistance through synthesized CSPs. Continuing research in these solutions as well as implementing these strategies into mainstream medicine will certainly reduce the frequency of antibiotic resistance along with incidences of serious disease outbreaks in hospitals. With a better understanding of the causes of antibiotic resistance and the role that patients and doctors play in these causes, it is time to move forward and attempt to eradicate this problem once and for all.